Black History Month: a timeline of lived experience from past to present

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For nearly a century, Black History Month has been a time to celebrate the achievements of groundbreaking people who have shaped our country’s history. Much of this focus is on trailblazers like Kamala Harris, civil rights pioneers, advocates, politicians, policymakers and entertainers from Beyoncé to Cardi B.

But as those leaders spoke to crowds and infiltrated halls of power, millions of Black people lived their lives and made their own history. Often those contributions were more humble. Even simply celebrating the things and people closest to them in ways that might not have been accessible to previous generations — from birthday and retirement parties to navigating grief or simply having a picnic at a park — served as markers of progress.

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Teenagers lay down around a small transistor radio.

A young woman smiles at the camera as she hangs up laundry on a clothesline.

This Black History Month, in addition to highlighting lesser-known Black leaders like Lois Curtis and Amalya Lyle Kearse, The 19th wanted to showcase the everyday, lived experiences of Black Americans in the United States dating back to the earliest days of the 20th century to 2022.

A protester yells "Freedom!" at the March on Washington.

Young men sit in a circle playing cards aboard a Navy ship.

In the early 20th century through the 1960s, Black Americans built lives in the South and pockets of the Midwest and Northeast as more opportunities were created in various labor jobs and trades.

A woman does another's makeup as her friend plays with a child on a bed beside her.

A grandmother, her daughter and her grandson lay on a bed together. The grandson is having his bottle and the grand mother is clutching a large teddy bear.

As constitutional amendments granted more Black men the right to vote, Black women were still left out — even with the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920. Jim Crow laws kept Black people from fully accessing the polls.

Still, life went on and thinkers and artists thrived in cities like New York (via the Harlem Renaissance) and Chicago (as jazz and blues — and, later, house music — flourished).

A young man wearing roller skates a pith helmet sits on the ground as he smokes a cigarette. — A young man smokes a cigarette in New York City in the 1970s. (Erika Stone/Getty Images)

A woman playing the tambourine and a man seated and singing into a microphone play gospel music on the streets of Chicago.

Children hold hands as they play "ring around a rosie" on a Chicago street.

Schools began integrating in 1954 after the landmark Brown v. Board of Education ruling, student and faith-based movements took to the streets to demand rights: like desegregating public transit and businesses, and better wages and job opportunities.

The civil rights movement became a steady motivating force in the South and in other parts of the country. The Freedom Rides took place during the summer of 1961 and the March on Washington in 1963.

Although they were not often given the same spotlight as men, Black women were at the heart of many of these protests and demonstrations, including college students like Catherine Burks-Brooks during the Freedom Rides and Black women in sororities, who played a pivotal role in the suffragist movement.

First time voters line up in front of a small general store turned polling station. — First time voters line up in front of a polling station at The Sugar Shack, a local general store in Peachtree, Alabama, in 1966, after the passage of the federal voting rights law. (Bettmann Archives/Getty Images)

Nettie Hunt and her daughter Nickie sit in front of the U.S. Supreme Court as Nettie holds a newspaper that reads "High Court Bans Segregation in Public Schools" — Nettie Hunt and her daughter Nickie sit on the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court as Nettie explains to the meaning of the high court’s ruling in the Brown vs. Board of Education case in 1954. (Bettmann Archives/Getty Images)

As time went on and legislation like the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was approved, Black Americans sought more opportunity and became more vocal about the idea of Black power in the 1970s and ‘80s. The Black Panther Party, Pan-Africanism and other movements sought to empower communities and to demolish systems that kept Black people in poverty with no opportunities for advancement.

People dressed to the nines wait in line at the entrance of a cabaret.

A woman and her dog take in the sights as they look out from their open window.

Black culture evolved and became a major part of the fabric of American life in politics, sports and music in a way that was much less stifled than in the earliest decades of the 20th century.

Writers and intellectuals like Audre Lorde and James Baldwin challenged existing structures and shared experiences of queer Black folks. James Brown created a hit with “Say it Loud — I’m Black and I’m Proud.” Athletes like Muhammad Ali crossed paths with figures like Malcolm X and Sam Cooke. Black culture featured prominently on screens and blared from radios across the country.

Students on a field trip smoke cigarettes as they pose for the camera.

Two young boys seated at a table eat breakfast. The boy on the left wears a beret with buttons that read "Free Huey," "Boycott Grapes," and "Free Bobby."

The latter part of the 20th century also heralded growing visibility for Black LGBTQ+ Americans as they shaped major movements like the fight for civil rights, Pride celebrations and HIV/AIDS activism.

That increased visibility often meant violence and marginalization. Contributions of leaders like Bayard Rustin, an organizer who spearheaded planning of the March on Washington, and Marsha P. Johnson, a trans activist who played a key role in the 1969 Stonewall uprising, were only fully highlighted long after they passed.

A man peeks his head through a bullet pocked door. A poster near him advertises "free breakfast for children" and "community political education."

A woman looks out the window as she rides a bus home from work.

A father feeds his baby in his Detroit home. — A father feeds his baby in his Detroit home in 1982. (David Turnley/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images)

As leaders in the early part of the 21st century to the present day fought to combat racist policing policies, redlining, the worst impacts of the war on drugs, economic inequity and a global pandemic, Black Americans continued to write their own history in ordinary and extraordinary ways.

Shelly Phillips holds niece Kimmore Barthelemy in her arms in a trailer park.

Two men, one with his head on the other's knees, hold each other as they sit in the grass.

Two veiled students share a laugh in a school bus. — Students share a laugh after singing a Somali folk song on the way home from an English Second Language (ESL) field trip to the state Capitol of Maine in April 2004. (Amy Toensing/Getty Images)

Babies were born and cuddled by grandmothers and aunties, children laughed, parties and funerals were held, and Black people continued fighting: from Block Club meetings before local aldermen — many of those meetings led by Black women — to the halls of Congress.

People are captured jumping up in the air mid-dance in the streets of New Orleans. — Revelers participate in a parade in November 2009 in New Orleans. (Mario Tama/Getty Images)

Black history continues to be made. Not all of it is by people honored on stamps or quarters, or by folks who created legislation or founded institutions. Sometimes, it was made by the kid on the block who ran the fastest from one stoplight to the next, or the church mother who raised a record number of donations at a fish fry fundraiser.